Significant challenges will have to be overcome to achieve the level of agricultural productivity necessary to meet the predicted world demand for food, feed, fiber, and fuel in 2050. Although agriculture has met significant chal¬lenges in the past, targeted increases in productivity will have to be made by 2050, in the face of stringent constraints including limited resources, less skilled labor, limited amount of arable land, and changing climate, among others. For most of the 20th century, many key factors influenced increases in the rate of crop production, primarily: mechanization, improved genetics, and increased use of inputs: our current production systems are not sustainable. However, such increase in crop production came at a cost of over application of various agricultural inputs, i.e., irrigation, nutrients, and pesticides. The use of resource-intensive, high-input agriculture around the world led to depletion of soils, water scarcity, wide-spread deforestation, and high levels of greenhouse gas emissions (FAO, 2017; NAS 2018). Currently, agriculture production accounts for over 70% of fresh water consumption, and unsustainable levels of chemicals consumption for crop production. Hence, sustainability in agriculture is a must that is becoming a need due not only to the scarceness of natural resources and the growth of population but also for the growing attention deserved to wellbeing and green lifestyle. Agriculture needs to provide effective solutions to old and new challenges, to embrace the insights from other disciplines and use them in an integrated way.