Since the arrival in the early 2000s of River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) and Programmes of Measures (PoM) as part of the Water Framework Directive, water authorities across Europe have increasingly moved towards Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) (see Integrated Water Resources Management: What is it and why is it used?). However, full effectiveness of PoMs was often hindered by a number of institutional obstacles, exacerbated by the multiplicity of actors (public and private) involved in the process, and the enduring problem of spatial mismatches between socio-economic and water-related issues. First and foremost, IWRM requires well-defined coordination devices to be effective.