This study aimed to investigate the interaction between regions with different climatic conditions (arid vs. semi-arid) and management (protected vs. unprotected) on the turnover and nestedness of vegetation in relation to physical, chemical and biological properties of soils in the Ilam province of Iran. In each of the two regions, we sampled eight sites (4 managed and 4 unmanaged sites) within each of which we established four circular plots (1000 m2) that were used to inventory woody species, while two micro-plots (1x1 m2) were established in each 1000-m2 plot to inventory herbaceous species. In each sample unit, we also extracted three soil samples (0-20 cm depth) for measuring soil properties. The results indicated that the interaction between region and conservation management significantly affected the percent canopy cover of Persian oak (Quercus brantii Linddl), soil respiration, substrate-induced respiration, as well as beta and gamma diversities and turnover. The percent canopy cover of oak was positively correlated with soil silt, electrical conductivity, available potassium, and alpha diversity, whereas it was negatively correlated with plant turnover. In addition, plant turnover was positively related to available phosphorus while nestedness was positively related to organic carbon and total N. According to these results, we conclude that physical, chemical and biological characteristics of limited ecological niche generally influence plant diversity. Also, this study has indicated the major contribution of the β-diversity on γ-diversity, especially in the semi-arid region, because of a higher heterogeneity in this area.